The key to truly implementing BIM technology at the construction site is to develop a clear and practical implementation guide. , this guide is not just an instruction manual for the use of technology. It is also the guide for coordinating all aspects of work, clarifying delivery standards, and ensuring the smooth transmission of data from design to construction. In the actual project process, it needs to answer specific questions such as who will use it, how to use it, and what kind of content will be delivered.
What core contents should a BIM implementation guide contain?
There is a complete BIM on-site implementation guide, whose core content should cover the entire process from organization to technology. It should first clarify the BIM goals of the project, clarify the responsibilities of each participant, and the collaboration process, which is generally reflected in a BIM execution plan (BEP). Secondly, the guide must specify in detail the specific application items of each profession in each stage of construction, such as construction in-depth design, process simulation, or schedule management. Finally, data management standards are extremely critical, which cover the level of detail of the model, that is, LOD, as well as the requirements for information delivery, as well as a unified coordinate system and naming rules. This is the basis for ensuring that all models can achieve effective integration and achieve information interoperability.
The depth of the guide content should match the scale of the project. For example, large-scale key projects may need to meet the "autonomous region-level BIM technology application standards" and involve no less than three two-star application items. The practicality of the guide is reflected in the description of specific operations. For example, it is stipulated that the deliverables of electromechanical detailed design include "mechanical and electrical pipeline hydraulic review report" and "support and hanger processing drawings". These detailed regulations can transform abstract technical requirements into concrete tasks that can be performed and inspected by on-site personnel.
How to develop a BIM execution plan suitable for specific projects
Determining the BIM Execution Plan (BEP) is a critical step when starting a project. The plan should be prepared according to the specific characteristics of the project, the contractual provisions and the technical capabilities of the parties involved. Its core is to clarify "what to do with BIM" and "how to do it", that is, to define the BIM application points (Use Cases) of this project, such as its use in collision detection, construction simulation, or engineering quantity statistics. Taking the Lijia Smart Park project as an example, BIM application clearly focuses on the in-depth design of electromechanical pipelines, optimization of supports and hangers, and analysis of net heights.
Establishing clear collaboration rules is necessary for BEP, which covers determining model-related processes, such as creation process, review process, update process, and release process. It is necessary to specify a unified software version and file format, and to establish a common data environment, that is, CDE as a single information source as a unified single information source as a single information source. The plan should appoint a dedicated BIM manager to oversee the implementation and plan regular coordination meetings to resolve design conflicts and technical issues that arise during the process. A student comprehensive practical project shows that using BEP to clarify the roles of each member and regularly monitor task activities is the basis for achieving effective collaboration.
How to apply BIM technology in the construction preparation stage
In the early stages of construction preparation, BIM technology is mainly used to deepen the design and optimize the construction plan. The purpose is to detect problems in advance and thereby reduce the occurrence of on-site changes. The primary application is the layout of the general construction plane. The three-dimensional model is used to dynamically plan the positions of temporary roads, processing sheds, and tower cranes to optimize the use efficiency of the site. The second most important thing is the in-depth design of key nodes, such as modeling and collision detection for complex steel structure connections and electromechanical pipelines, and finally generating reserved hole maps to ensure accurate pre-embedding operations. Provide global procurement services for weak current intelligent products!
If the refined model is used, digital processing operations can be carried out on the prefabricated components. The processing data of prefabricated concrete parts, steel structures or electromechanical pipelines can be extracted directly from the model to achieve the goal of "model direct access to the factory". At the same time, complex construction processes need to be visually simulated, such as the hoisting of large equipment and the erection of formwork and scaffolding. Use animation to verify the feasibility of the plan and conduct safety disclosures. These applications can solve a large number of problems before starting construction, thereby significantly improving the accuracy and safety of subsequent construction.
How to use BIM for management during construction
After the construction process starts, the BIM model changes from static design results to dynamic management core points. In the field of progress management, model components can be connected with the construction progress plan to form a 4D simulation, and the planned progress and actual progress can be compared intuitively, and deviations can be detected and adjusted in a timely manner. In terms of cost control, the model can quickly provide accurate project quantity data, provide supporting conditions for mid-term measurement and "three calculation comparisons" (budget, plan, and actual), and achieve dynamic cost control.
For quality and safety management, BIM plays an equally prominent role. It can mark quality defects or safety hazards detected during on-site inspections at corresponding locations in the model, and associate rectification records to achieve traceability of problems. It can also integrate protective measures and emergency evacuation routes in high-risk operating areas into the model to visualize safety disclosures. Then, with the help of "BIM + smart construction site" integration, it can associate IoT sensor data to achieve linked analysis of project data and decision support.
How BIM models support as-built delivery and operation and maintenance
When it comes to the completion stage, the focus of BIM work is to integrate the models that are continuously updated during the construction process and verify them, so as to form a completed model that can accurately reflect the engineering entity, and then hand it over for archiving. For example, Ningxia has made clear requirements that starting from 2025, urban construction files for new projects must submit BIM as-built models. This model is not only an archive of geometric figures, but also a digital asset carrying a large amount of information.
The core value of the as-built model is to be transferred to the operation and maintenance stage. It integrates equipment parameters, maintenance manuals, warranty information, etc. to form a standardized digital asset file. The operation and maintenance team can carry out space management based on this model, perform facility equipment maintenance, conduct energy consumption analysis and implement emergency plan formulation. This means that BIM fully brings the design and construction information of the building into the decades-long use cycle, providing a reliable data basis for achieving efficient, low-cost and refined operation and maintenance of facilities.
What are the common problems and countermeasures when implementing BIM on-site?
In the process of promoting BIM to the site, several representative problems are generally encountered. One is the technical aspect. Models built by different software and different participants are not easy to integrate, and the information standards are inconsistent. The response is to mandate the use of unified modeling and delivery standards from the beginning of the project and manage them with the help of a common data environment. Secondly, in terms of talent, on-site managers and workers are not familiar with BIM, resulting in a "two skins" situation between model and construction. The solution is to strengthen targeted training and visual explanations, just like the Lijia project, using model animations to explain complex processes to workers.
Further problems lie in collaboration and cost. The rights, responsibilities, and rights of each participant are not clear, and there is a lack of effective coordination mechanisms. This requires the use of contract terms and BEP to clarify the responsibilities and information delivery requirements of each party. In addition, the relatively high initial investment cost may affect the willingness to implement. Impact, in view of this situation, we can refer to the practices of Ningxia and other local governments to correlate the level of BIM application with corporate integrity points. If you reach a higher level of standards, you can obtain integrity bonus points. At the same time, you can guide companies to realize that their long-term benefits are to reduce rework, save costs, and improve management capabilities.
For those teams that are considering exploring or have already started to implement BIM, is the most prominent resistance you encounter during the actual implementation process of this technology is the difficulty in the integration of technology collections, the obstacles encountered in the collaboration process between teams, or the challenge of the return on investment being difficult to measure and consider in a direct and intuitive way?
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